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First published on November 8, 2007, doi:10.1177/1096348007309566
Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 2008;32:3.
A more recent version of this article appeared on February 1, 2008
© 2007 ICHRIE
Comparing Forecasting Models in Tourism
Rachel J. C. Chen, Ph.D.*,
Peter Bloomfield, Ph.D.,
and
Frederick W. Cubbage, Ph.D.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rchen{at}utk.edu.
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Abstract |
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This study uses three major U.S. national parks as applications of statistically selecting appropriate methods to forecast attendance. Forecasting methods assessed include Naïve 1, Naïve 2, single moving average (SMA), single exponential smoothing (SES), Browns, Holts, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), derived time series cross-section regression (TSCSREG), and time series analysis with explanatory variable models. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is used to measure the accuracy of forecasting methods. Based on the MAPE values, SMA produces the most accurate forecasting, followed closely by ARIMA, Browns, and Naïve 1 models. Holts and TSCSREG models produce the next most accurate forecasting, followed by SES, time series analysis with explanatory variable model, and Naïve 2. Methods used in this article are readily transferable to other hospitality and tourism data sets with annual visitation figures. Merits and limits of the proposed forecasting methods are discussed.

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