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Preparing Hospitality Managers for the 21st Century: The Merging of Just-in-Time Education, Criticalthinking, and Collaborative Learning

Seoul Women's University, wcho{at}swu.ac.kr

Claire D. Schmelzer

Virginia Tech

Pamela S. McMahon

University of Florida, psm{at}mail.ifas.ufl.edu

The use of technology in educational settings, whether in academia or industry, is becoming a more common and accepted method of course delivery. Just-in-time (JIT) education refers to Web-based education that students may access at any time and in any place and that is not confined to specific classrooms or time schedules. An instructional model is described that allows for the evaluation and comparison of JIT and traditional educational methods. The model is based on the theoretical concepts of JIT education, critical thinking, collaborative learning, and user acceptance of technology. The evaluative aspect of the model is presented through seven propositions that provide a platform for educational research in this area. The use of this model could assist hospitality education programs in developing and evaluating course offerings that incorporate the use of technology and the World Wide Web.

Key Words: just-in-time education • critical thinking • collaborative learning • World Wide Web • technology • hospitality management

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